18 July 2025 : The Hindu Simplified Current Affairs - UPSC FOUNDATION - SST ONLY -->

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18 July 2025 : The Hindu Simplified Current Affairs - UPSC FOUNDATION

 Tags: Poshan app glitches, J&K police control, China’s green energy rise, and UK voting age reform show tech, governance, and policy shifts worldwide.

Glitches in Poshan App – Haryana Case

1. Field Issue in Rohtak

  • Usha Rani, 47, anganwadi worker in Marodhi Jattan, Rohtak.

  • Trying to register 7 pregnant and 3 lactating women on Poshan Tracker app.

  • Facial recognition (mandatory since July 1) fails repeatedly.

  • Shows ‘error’ message, beneficiaries can’t receive ration and benefits.


2. Centre’s Instructions

  • Issued by Ministry of Women and Child Development.

  • App requires:

    • Facial recognition

    • Aadhaar e-KYC

  • Children must be registered using parent/guardian’s Aadhaar.


3. Objective of Poshan App

  • Part of Poshan Abhiyaan – monitors nutrition of children & women.

  • Anganwadi responsibilities:

    • Supplementary nutrition

    • Pre-school education

    • Health check-ups & immunisation for children (0–6 yrs)


4. Problems Faced by Workers

a) Technical & App Issues

  • Usha Rani: App rejects photos or mismatched Aadhaar names.

  • Sushila, 44: Can’t use smartphone, depends on daughter Monika, 22.

    • Faces poor internet and glitches.

    • Tried for 30+ minutes, facial recognition failed.


5. Beneficiary Difficulties

  • A pregnant woman:

    • Aadhaar linked to husband’s lost phone.

    • Has no phone herself → can’t register.

    • Stopped getting supplements.


6. Digital Divide

  • Ministry: Digitisation ensures transparent delivery.

  • Beneficiaries: It has increased hardships.

  • Survey (2025, MoSPI):

    • 74.2% rural women in Haryana have mobile access.

    • 94% rural men have access.


7. No Training for Anganwadi Workers

  • Usha Rani willing to learn but says:

    • No training given for using the Poshan app.

Better Terror Fight with J&K Police Under State Control


1. Governor’s Address

  • June 16, 2025: Lt. Governor Manoj Sinha calls terrorism eradication top priority.

  • At Sher-e-Kashmir Police Academy, he advised J&K Police to:

    • Use modern tech

    • Prevent radicalisation

    • Apply multi-pronged strategy: intelligence, tech, community ties, inter-agency work, beat policing.


2. Why Local Police Matter

  • State police are key; central forces only assist.

  • JAKP knows local terrain, people, and gathers better intelligence (HUMINT).


3. Need for HUMINT

  • Pahalgam attack (April 22, 2025) still unsolved.

  • Shows gap in human intelligence.

  • Acknowledging and fixing this gap is essential.


4. JAKP Under Elected Govt

  • JAKP should report to elected government.

  • Local leaders (MLAs, sarpanches) are trusted by people and get early info.

  • People share more with them than with central agencies.


5. Restore Democratic Setup

  • J&K has strong local democratic culture.

  • Elected reps lack real power due to security issues.

  • All levels – panchayat to MP – should be active in governance.


6. Role of JAKP in Local Governance

  • JAKP’s thana-level units already work with local governance.

  • Ignoring elected reps may lead to:

    • Disinterest

    • Loss of local support

    • Weakened anti-terror efforts


7. Police–People Partnership

  • Need structured talks between police and local leaders.

  • Helps gather terror-related info, address issues, and boost public safety.


8. Local Nature of Terrorism

  • Terrorism in J&K often has a local context.

  • Needs region-specific responses, not a uniform approach.


9. Bridge Police–Public Gap

  • Keeping leaders out of security loop hinders results.

  • Elected govt control brings:

    • More accountability

    • Community trust

    • Better law enforcement


10. Inclusive Governance Needed

  • Holding elections isn’t enough — governance must be participatory.

  • Without elected leaders’ involvement, security reforms stay incomplete.

  • Community engagement and better security will follow.

🇨🇳 China's Green Energy Leadership

1. Strategic Planning & Massive Investment

  • Decades of government planning.

  • $940 billion invested in 2024 (only $10.7 billion in 2006).

  • State-owned enterprises (SOEs) and public banks led the effort.


2. Global Leader in Installation & Supply Chain

  • Installed more solar/wind in 2024 than the rest of the world combined.

  • Controls key parts of the supply chain:

    • Raw materials: Polysilicon, Lithium

    • Manufacturing: Solar panels, turbines, batteries


3. Crisis Drove Action

  • Triggered by:

    • Severe air pollution

    • Energy insecurity (foreign oil dependence)

    • Power blackouts

  • Public pressure led to a clean energy push.


4. Turning Point: 11th Five-Year Plan (2006–10)

  • 2005 law ensured grid access + price incentives.

  • Renewables became a strategic priority.

  • Pilot projects in Gansu, Jiangsu, Inner Mongolia.


5. Role of SOEs and Banks

  • NDRC & NEA coordinated national action.

  • SOEs like State Grid, Huaneng enabled:

    • Quick solar/wind rollouts

    • Public financing

    • Risky innovation & mass production


6. Global Expansion via BRI

  • Green tech exported under Belt and Road Initiative:

    • Solar to many countries

    • Hydropower in Africa

    • Wind in Latin America

  • China holds 55% of global renewable investments.


7. Key Challenges

A. Grid Bottlenecks

  • Grid couldn’t keep up with growth.

  • 20% curtailment in some provinces (2014).

  • Fix: High-voltage transmission lines ($88.7B in 2024).

B. Wasteful Subsidies

  • Led to overcapacity and inefficiency.

  • Fix: Oversight and focus on efficiency, not just size.


8. Global Reach & Future Tech

  • Green partnerships in 61 countries (e.g., Angola, Hungary).

  • Leading firms: Longi, Goldwing, CATL.

  • Future focus:

    • AI smart grids

    • Green hydrogen

    • Thorium nuclear energy


9. West Tries to Catch Up

  • U.S. using Inflation Reduction Act + reshoring.

  • West struggles with high costs, slow pace, political hurdles.

  • China has scale, speed, state support.


10. Bigger Question: Who Sets the Rules?

  • The race is about global leadership in energy, not just tech.

  • Will China’s centralised model dominate?

  • Or will others provide a strong alternative?


U.K. to Lower Voting Age to 16


🔹 Major Reform

  • Labour govt. to reduce voting age from 18 to 16.

  • Biggest change since 1969 (from 21 to 18).

  • Part of Labour’s election promise.

  • Detailed in a policy paper.


🔹 Matching Wales & Scotland

  • Aligns national voting age with:

    • Scottish & Welsh legislatures

    • Local elections in those regions


🔹 Curbing Foreign Donations

  • Prevents foreign interference in elections.

  • Key proposals:

    • Ban on shell company donations

    • Donors must have UK/Ireland income

    • Irish firms can donate only for Northern Ireland


🔹 Elon Musk Link

  • Musk planned donation to far-right Reform UK.

  • Unclear if new rules will affect donations via his UK firms.

  • Musk is an ally of Donald Trump.


🔹 Voter Registration Reform

  • 7–8 million eligible but unregistered voters.

  • Plans include:

    • Start registration from age 14

    • Move to automatic registration


🔹 New Voter ID Rules

  • Acceptable IDs proposed:

    • UK bank-issued cards

    • Digital IDs (e.g. veteran card, driving licence)

  • Replaces strict ID rules of 2023 (under Rishi Sunak).


🔹 Criticism from Conservatives

  • Jacob Rees-Mogg admitted ID law may have hurt party in 2023 polls.

  • Said ID rules aimed at electoral advantage.


🔹 Political Impact

  • Labour likely to gain:

    • 41% of 18–24-year-olds voted Labour (2024)

    • Only 20% of 70+ voted Labour

  • PM Keir Starmer’s popularity has declined since July 2024 victory.


🔹 Starmer’s Justification

“16- and 17-year-olds are old enough to work and pay taxes, so they should vote.” — Keir Starmer


Source: Sriram Lakshman, The Hindu


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